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1995-05-24
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Comets seem to originate in the outer regions of the solar system, well beyond the orbits
of Pluto and Charon. Some evidence suggests that there may be another large planet
more distant than Pluto, but such a body has not yet been found.
Short period comets may come from the Kuiper belt, a disc of cometary material just
beyond Pluto. However, it is generally believed that most comets originate in the Oort
Cloud, a mass of frozen particles and chunks surrounding the solar system at a distance of
about one light-year. This is roughly equal to 5 quadrillion, 920 trillion miles from the
Sun.
A comet is a small member of the solar system, moving around the Sun in an orbit which
is generally highly elliptical. The orbits of comets often bring them close to the Sun,
passing near the inner planets, before being flung out into deep space again. Some short
period comets never venture far beyond the orbit of Jupiter. Many other deep space
comets travel as far as a light year away.
Comets, composed mostly of ice, dust, and gas, are very important objects of study.
Comets contain large amounts of water and complex hydrocarbons, the materials that
created life on Earth. The ancient materials frozen inside of comets may contain the
answers to the origins of the solar system, and of life itself.
Asteroids, like comets, are minor bodies in the solar system. However, most of the
asteroids in the solar system exist in the Main Asteroid belt, located between the orbits of
Mars and Jupiter. It is likely that the powerful gravitational pull of Jupiter prevented the
main asteroid belt from becoming a full planet.
There are different varieties of asteroids. Some are made of rock and minerals, and others
contain metals. Nearly all of the materials to be found in asteroids would be useful for
human industry. Perhaps someday we will utilize these huge reserves of raw materials.